Cervical cancer is a significant health concern affecting women globally, with millions diagnosed each year. Understanding its symptoms, causes, and preventive measures is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. In this blog, we discuss all aspects of cervical cancer, from its warning signs to preventive measures and its treatment course.
What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer originates in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Most cases are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection. While HPV infection is common, only a small percentage of women with HPV develop cervical cancer, indicating other factors contribute to its development.
According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), early stages of cervical cancer may not present noticeable symptoms, but a few warning signs of cervical cancer include:
-Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding between periods, after sex, or post-menopause.
-Pelvic pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.
-Unusual vaginal discharge that may be watery, bloody, or have a foul odour.
What Causes Cervical Cancer?
HPV is the most common cause of cervical cancer. It changes the cervical cell structure and multiplies, leading to cancer. Apart from HPV, the American Cancer Society (ACS) lists other risk factors that include:
1. Multiple Sexual Partners
Having multiple sexual partners or engaging in sexual activity can potentially expose you to individuals who may be positive for HPV.
2. Weak Immune System
Conditions that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressive medications, increase susceptibility to HPV infection.
3. Smoking
Smoking weakens your immunity increasing the risk of cervical cancer and can make treatment less effective.
How to diagnose cervical cancer?
Mayo Clinic says regular screening tests after the age of 21 can help the doctor detect cells that may lead to cervical cancer in the future. There are 2 ways to get yourself tested.
PAP smear test: Cells from the cervix are taken & tested by healthcare specialists to see if there is any abnormal growth
HPV DNA test: This test involves testing cervical cells for HPV infection that may lead to cervical cancer.
How To Prevent Cervical Cancer?
Preventing cervical cancer involves a combination of vaccination, regular screenings, and lifestyle modifications.
1. HPV Vaccination
According to CDC, two doses of HPV vaccine are recommended for most persons starting the series before their 15th birthday.
The second dose of HPV vaccine should be given 6 to 12 months after the first dose.
Adolescents who receive two doses less than 5 months apart will require a third dose of HPV vaccine.
Three doses of HPV vaccine are recommended for teens and young adults who start the series at ages 15 through 26 years, and for immunocompromised persons. Three doses are recommended for immunocompromised persons (including those with HIV infection) aged 9 through 26 years.
2. Pap Smear Tests
According to Johns Hopkins Medicine (JHM), Pap smear tests, every 3 years can detect abnormal cervical cells early, allowing for prompt treatment and prevention of cancer development.
3. Safe Sex Practices
Practicing safe sex, including use of condoms and limiting sexual partners, reduces the risk of HPV transmission.
4. Quit Smoking
After one quits smoking, the body’s immune system can start to work efficient which can eliminate any mutated cells in cervix or the body, that may turn cancerous. Thus, lowering the risk of cervical cancer.
What is the Treatment for Cervical Cancer?
Treatment for cervical cancer depends on the stage of the disease and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of treatments. Early-stage cervical cancer may be treated with surgery by removing the cancerous tissue, while advanced stages may require more aggressive treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Common Questions about Cervical Cancer
1. Can cervical cancer be cured?
Cervical cancer can be cured, especially when diagnosed and treated at an early stage. However, treatment efficacy depends on various factors, including the stage of the cancer and the individual’s overall health.
2. How can I test for cervical cancer at home?
While there are some self-test kits available, more research needs to be conducted to check its accuracy. Regular Pap smear tests conducted by healthcare professionals at a clinic or hospital can detect abnormal cervical cells early, allowing for prompt treatment.
3. Does cervical cancer affect periods?
Cervical cancer may cause abnormal vaginal bleeding, including bleeding between periods, after sex, or post-menopause. Changes in menstrual patterns can be a symptom of cervical cancer and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
4. Does cervical cancer cause watery discharge?
Yes, cervical cancer can cause unusual vaginal discharge that may be watery, bloody, or have a foul odour. Any changes in vaginal discharge should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
5. Does your stomach get big with cervical cancer?
In the advanced stages, cervical cancer may cause abdominal bloating or swelling due to the presence of a tumour affecting the pelvic area. However, bloating can also be caused by other factors, so it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation.
In Conclusion
Cervical cancer is a preventable disease, with early detection and preventive measures playing a crucial role in reducing its incidence. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and preventive measures associated with cervical cancer, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their health.
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